If you have a large playbook it may become useful to be able to run a specific part of the configuration without running the whole playbook.
Both plays and tasks support a “tags:” attribute for this reason.
You can ONLY filter tasks based on tags from the command line with --tags or --skip-tags.
Adding “tags:” in any part of a play (including roles) adds those tags to the contained tasks.
Example:
tasks:
- yum: name={{ item }} state=installed
with_items:
- httpd
- memcached
tags:
- packages
- template: src=templates/src.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
tags:
- configuration
If you wanted to just run the “configuration” and “packages” part of a very long playbook, you could do this:
ansible-playbook example.yml --tags "configuration,packages"
On the other hand, if you want to run a playbook without certain tasks, you could do this:
ansible-playbook example.yml --skip-tags "notification"
You can apply the same tag name to more than one task, in the same file or included files. This will run all tasks with that tag.
Example:
---
# file: roles/common/tasks/main.yml
- name: be sure ntp is installed
yum: name=ntp state=installed
tags: ntp
- name: be sure ntp is configured
template: src=ntp.conf.j2 dest=/etc/ntp.conf
notify:
- restart ntpd
tags: ntp
- name: be sure ntpd is running and enabled
service: name=ntpd state=started enabled=yes
tags: ntp
You can apply tags to more than tasks, but they ONLY affect the tasks themselves. Applying tags anywhere else is just a convenience so you don’t have to write it on every task:
- hosts: all
tags:
- bar
tasks:
...
- hosts: all
tags: ['foo']
tasks:
...
You may also apply tags to roles:
roles:
- { role: webserver, port: 5000, tags: [ 'web', 'foo' ] }
And include statements:
- include: foo.yml
tags: [web,foo]
All of these apply the specified tags to EACH task inside the play, included file, or role, so that these tasks can be selectively run when the playbook is invoked with the corresponding tags.
There is a special always tag that will always run a task, unless specifically skipped (--skip-tags always)
Example:
tasks:
- debug: msg="Always runs"
tags:
- always
- debug: msg="runs when you use tag1"
tags:
- tag1
There are another 3 special keywords for tags, tagged, untagged and all, which run only tagged, only untagged
and all tasks respectively.
By default ansible runs as if --tags all had been specified.
参见